Cyclin A1
Cyclin-A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNA1 gene.[1]
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell division cycle. Cyclins function as activating subunits of enzymatic complex together with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns that contribute to the temporal coordination of cell cycle events. Cyclin A1 was shown to be expressed in testis and brain, as well as in several leukemic cell lines, and is thought to primarily function in the control of meiosis. This cyclin binds both Cdk1 and Cdk2 kinases, which give two distinct kinase activities, one appearing in S phase, the other in G2, and thus regulate separate functions in cell cycle. This cyclin was found to bind to important cell cycle regulators, such as Rb family proteins, transcription factor E2F1, and the Kip/Cip family of CDK-inhibitor proteins.[2]
Interactions
Cyclin-A1 interacts with E2F1,[3] CDC20,[4] Retinoblastoma protein,[3] Cyclin-dependent kinase 2,[1][5][6][7] GPS2,[8] MYBL2[6] and GNB2L1.[8]
References
- ^ a b Yang R, Morosetti R, Koeffler HP (Mar 1997). "Characterization of a second human cyclin A that is highly expressed in testis and in several leukemic cell lines". Cancer Res 57 (5): 913–20. PMID 9041194.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: CCNA1 cyclin A1". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8900.
- ^ a b Yang, R; Müller C, Huynh V, Fung Y K, Yee A S, Koeffler H P (Mar. 1999). "Functions of cyclin A1 in the cell cycle and its interactions with transcription factor E2F-1 and the Rb family of proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (3): 2400–7. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84032. PMID 10022926. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84032.
- ^ Ohtoshi, A; Maeda T, Higashi H, Ashizawa S, Hatakeyama M (Feb. 2000). "Human p55(CDC)/Cdc20 associates with cyclin A and is phosphorylated by the cyclin A-Cdk2 complex". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (UNITED STATES) 268 (2): 530–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2000.2167. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 10679238.
- ^ Sweeney, C; Murphy M, Kubelka M, Ravnik S E, Hawkins C F, Wolgemuth D J, Carrington M (Jan. 1996). "A distinct cyclin A is expressed in germ cells in the mouse". Development (ENGLAND) 122 (1): 53–64. ISSN 0950-1991. PMID 8565853.
- ^ a b Müller-Tidow, C; Wang W, Idos G E, Diederichs S, Yang R, Readhead C, Berdel W E, Serve H, Saville M, Watson R, Koeffler H P (Apr. 2001). "Cyclin A1 directly interacts with B-myb and cyclin A1/cdk2 phosphorylate B-myb at functionally important serine and threonine residues: tissue-specific regulation of B-myb function". Blood (United States) 97 (7): 2091–7. doi:10.1182/blood.V97.7.2091. ISSN 0006-4971. PMID 11264176.
- ^ Brown, N R; Noble M E, Endicott J A, Johnson L N (Nov. 1999). "The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases". Nat. Cell Biol. (England) 1 (7): 438–43. doi:10.1038/15674. ISSN 1465-7392. PMID 10559988.
- ^ a b Diederichs, Sven; Bäumer Nicole, Ji Ping, Metzelder Stephan K, Idos Gregory E, Cauvet Thomas, Wang Wenbing, Möller Maria, Pierschalski Sarah, Gromoll Jörg, Schrader Mark G, Koeffler H Phillip, Berdel Wolfgang E, Serve Hubert, Müller-Tidow Carsten (Aug. 2004). "Identification of interaction partners and substrates of the cyclin A1-CDK2 complex". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 279 (32): 33727–41. doi:10.1074/jbc.M401708200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 15159402.
Further reading
- Hall M, Bates S, Peters G (1995). "Evidence for different modes of action of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: p15 and p16 bind to kinases, p21 and p27 bind to cyclins.". Oncogene 11 (8): 1581–8. PMID 7478582.
- Xu M, Sheppard KA, Peng CY, et al. (1994). "Cyclin A/CDK2 binds directly to E2F-1 and inhibits the DNA-binding activity of E2F-1/DP-1 by phosphorylation.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (12): 8420–31. PMC 359381. PMID 7969176. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=359381.
- Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
- O'Connor PM, Ferris DK, Pagano M, et al. (1993). "G2 delay induced by nitrogen mustard in human cells affects cyclin A/cdk2 and cyclin B1/cdc2-kinase complexes differently.". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (11): 8298–308. PMID 8463339.
- Sweeney C, Murphy M, Kubelka M, et al. (1996). "A distinct cyclin A is expressed in germ cells in the mouse.". Development 122 (1): 53–64. PMID 8565853.
- Wang H, Shao N, Ding QM, et al. (1997). "BRCA1 proteins are transported to the nucleus in the absence of serum and splice variants BRCA1a, BRCA1b are tyrosine phosphoproteins that associate with E2F, cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases.". Oncogene 15 (2): 143–57. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201252. PMID 9244350.
- Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
- Liu D, Matzuk MM, Sung WK, et al. (1998). "Cyclin A1 is required for meiosis in the male mouse.". Nat. Genet. 20 (4): 377–80. doi:10.1038/3855. PMID 9843212.
- Yang R, Müller C, Huynh V, et al. (1999). "Functions of cyclin A1 in the cell cycle and its interactions with transcription factor E2F-1 and the Rb family of proteins.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (3): 2400–7. PMC 84032. PMID 10022926. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84032.
- Ravnik SE, Wolgemuth DJ (1999). "Regulation of meiosis during mammalian spermatogenesis: the A-type cyclins and their associated cyclin-dependent kinases are differentially expressed in the germ-cell lineage.". Dev. Biol. 207 (2): 408–18. doi:10.1006/dbio.1998.9156. PMID 10068472.
- Yang R, Nakamaki T, Lübbert M, et al. (1999). "Cyclin A1 expression in leukemia and normal hematopoietic cells.". Blood 93 (6): 2067–74. PMID 10068680.
- Müller C, Yang R, Beck-von-Peccoz L, et al. (1999). "Cloning of the cyclin A1 genomic structure and characterization of the promoter region. GC boxes are essential for cell cycle-regulated transcription of the cyclin A1 gene.". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (16): 11220–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.16.11220. PMID 10196209.
- Ruffner H, Jiang W, Craig AG, et al. (1999). "BRCA1 is phosphorylated at serine 1497 in vivo at a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 phosphorylation site.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (7): 4843–54. PMC 84283. PMID 10373534. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84283.
- Brown NR, Noble ME, Endicott JA, Johnson LN (2001). "The structural basis for specificity of substrate and recruitment peptides for cyclin-dependent kinases.". Nat. Cell Biol. 1 (7): 438–43. doi:10.1038/15674. PMID 10559988.
- Liu D, Liao C, Wolgemuth DJ (2000). "A role for cyclin A1 in the activation of MPF and G2-M transition during meiosis of male germ cells in mice.". Dev. Biol. 224 (2): 388–400. doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9776. PMID 10926775.
- Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination.". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788–95. doi:10.1101/gr.143000. PMC 310948. PMID 11076863. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=310948.
- Müller-Tidow C, Bornemann C, Diederichs S, et al. (2001). "Analyses of the genomic methylation status of the human cyclin A1 promoter by a novel real-time PCR-based methodology.". FEBS Lett. 490 (1-2): 75–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02128-7. PMID 11172814.
- Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, et al. (2001). "Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing.". EMBO Rep. 1 (3): 287–92. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058. PMC 1083732. PMID 11256614. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1083732.
- Müller-Tidow C, Wang W, Idos GE, et al. (2001). "Cyclin A1 directly interacts with B-myb and cyclin A1/cdk2 phosphorylate B-myb at functionally important serine and threonine residues: tissue-specific regulation of B-myb function.". Blood 97 (7): 2091–7. doi:10.1182/blood.V97.7.2091. PMID 11264176.
|
|
|
| Cyclin |
|
|
| CDK |
|
|
| CDK inhibitor |
|
|
| P53 p63 p73 family |
|
|
Phases and
checkpoints |
|
|
|
B bsyn: dna (repl, cycl, reco, repr) · tscr (fact, tcrg, nucl, rnat, rept, ptts) · tltn (risu, pttl, nexn) · dnab, rnab/runp · stru (domn, 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°)
|
|